Necesitamos más, muchos más patrones… formales

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Enrique Quintana

Ayer, en el marco de la inauguración de la Semana del Emprendedor, el presidente Peña presentó algunas cifras que no tienen precedente en administraciones anteriores.

La más impresionante de todas tiene que ver con el crecimiento en el número de empleadores registrados en el IMSS.

En lo que va del sexenio, el número de empleadores registrado en el IMSS creció en 135 mil 715. Esta cifra contrasta con el registro del sexenio anterior, en la que el crecimiento fue de 18 mil empleadores registrados.

El crecimiento, sin lugar a dudas, es el más alto del que se tenga registro y se asocia a la cifra de casi 4 millones de nuevos empleos formales que se tienen registrados.

Pero… ya ve que nunca falta el pero, sigue siendo muy baja respecto al número de empleadores que registra la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo del INEGI.

Mientras que el IMSS reporta poco menos de un millón de empleadores, la encuesta del INEGI señala una cifra de 2.57 millones.

Esto quiere decir, que con todo y el crecimiento que ayer reportó el presidente Peña, sólo el 39 por ciento de los patrones está en una unidad económica registrada ante el IMSS.

Es decir, hay una tasa de informalidad de 61 por ciento entre los patrones.

En el caso de los trabajadores, la tasa de informalidad es de 52 por ciento.

Otro contraste notorio es el nivel de ingreso de los formales y de los informales.

Las cifras más recientes del salario base de cotización de los trabajadores afiliados al IMSS indican 10 mil 722.9 pesos al mes.

En el caso de los trabajadores reportados por el INEGI, en donde se incorporan los informales, se reporta que el 78 por ciento de los trabajadores que reportaron un salario, no ganan más de tres veces el salario mínimo, es decir, ganan menos de 7 mil 952 pesos.

La razón por la que los salarios son sustancialmente más bajos en el sector informal es por la diferencia de productividades.

Las unidades económicas más pequeñas, a veces con uno a tres trabajadores, en muchas ocasiones, con ayuda de la misma familia, usualmente están en el sector informal.

Estas unidades no generan los recursos que permitan hacer inversiones que permitan incrementar la productividad de los que en ellas laboran. Y, el resultado es que esa circunstancia impide que los ingresos sean más elevados.

El avance realizado en esta administración es de destacarse y tiene que ver tanto con la reforma laboral y las formas más flexibles de contratación como con la vigilancia del IMSS.

Pero con todo, se queda muy lejos de las necesidades del país y de la búsqueda de la formalización como uno de los caminos a conseguir una mayor productividad, que sea la fórmula para incrementar los ingresos.

AMLO planea que, al término de su administración, el salario mínimo pueda estar en 176 pesos diarios.

Se trata de un empuje importante en los niveles salariales.

Sin embargo, si la tasa de informalidad persiste, ese incremento será norma para poco menos de la mitad de los asalariados y apenas en poco más de la tercera parte de los patrones.

Es positivo que exista el impulso distributivo e igualitario que plantea AMLO, pero sin un impulso semejante para aumentar la productividad de las más pequeñas unidades económicas, los esfuerzos distributivos se van a quedar en buenos deseos en el mejor de los casos.

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