¿Y la austeridad de los partidos?

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Democracia Eficaz

Luis Carlos Ugalde

Los llamados de austeridad abundan en los meses de transición. La Cámara de Diputados aprobó la semana pasada –con 433 votos a favor– la Ley de Remuneraciones de los Servidores Públicos. Con algunas excepciones, nadie ganará más que el presidente. La afectación es de hasta 50 por ciento del ingreso directo a altos funcionarios públicos, más otros beneficios.

En la Cámara baja también se presentó la iniciativa de Ley de Austeridad Republicana. De ser aprobada, eliminaría las pensiones de expresidentes y prohibiría la contratación de seguros privados de gastos médicos, además de restringir el uso de escoltas y vehículos del Estado.

También se han anunciado recortes a oficinas de gobierno: desaparecen subsecretarías y jefaturas de unidad, así como algunas oficinas en el extranjero; López Obrador declaró el 15 de septiembre que ProMéxico desaparecería. También se menciona la oficina de la embajada de México ante la OCDE, que sería absorbida por la Cancillería.

La búsqueda del ahorro también ha sido uno de los argumentos para someter a consulta el proyecto del Nuevo Aeropuerto Internacional de México. Se va a vender el avión presidencial y la flotilla de aeronaves al servicio de altos funcionarios públicos. El presidente electo ha declarado en numerosas ocasiones que los viajes oficiales los hará trasladándose en vuelos comerciales.

El Congreso ya anunció recortes: se reducirán gastos de gasolina, telefonía celular, gastos médicos mayores, vales de despensa y viáticos para viajes al extranjero en el Senado. La Cámara de Diputados cancelará seguros de gastos médicos y de retiro, además de cesar la adquisición de autos, los vales de despensa y de gasolina para diputados.

¿Y los partidos políticos? Hace varias semanas Yeidckol Polevnsky, presidenta de Morena, declaró que su partido renunciaría al 50 por ciento de lo que le corresponde. Pero no debe ser un asunto de buena voluntad, sino una obligación para todos los partidos. En julio, Alicia Barrientos, diputada de Morena, presentó una iniciativa de reforma constitucional para lograr un recorte del 50 por ciento.

Un recorte de 50 por ciento al presupuesto que reciben los partidos nacionales significaría un ahorro aproximado de dos mil 350 millones de pesos, en 2019. La medida es muy simple: se requiere una reforma a la Constitución para modificar la fórmula que calcula la bolsa de dinero a los partidos. Si se aplicara el mismo recorte al financiamiento a los partidos con registro estatal, el ahorro podría ser de más tres mil millones de pesos adicionales, aproximadamente.

El argumento para reducir el financiamiento público a partidos no es sólo presupuestario: la aplicación del principio de austeridad a los recursos que reciben los partidos podría ayudar a que funcionen mejor. Si el exceso de dinero los ha burocratizado e incluso corrompido, una reducción los renovaría. Si en el caso del sueldo de los funcionarios públicos la reducción afectará la calidad del gobierno, en el caso de los partidos es al revés: menos dinero los fortalecería.

La mayoría de Morena en el Congreso crea una oportunidad inédita para reducir el financiamiento público que reciben los partidos. No debe ser un asunto de voluntad, sino legal. Llama la atención que en este marasmo de cambios legales y propuestas, López Obrador no haya dicho nada al respecto.

Sería muy incongruente que la austeridad republicana no incluya a los partidos. El tiempo apremia. Para que el Proyecto de Presupuesto 2019 contenga un ahorro que podría ser mayor a cinco mil millones de pesos (de financiamiento nacional y estatal), se requiere una reforma constitucional y legal que debe procesarse ya.

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