Sin pensión, 70% de cotizantes a Afores

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Con Todo Respeto

Georgina Morett

Uno de los temas que requiere plantearse por el frente opositor convocado por el PAN y PRD son las Afores que acaban de cumplir 20 años y en definitiva se convertirán en una papa caliente cuando empiecen las jubilaciones por este sistema.

A pesar de que la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) había señalado en octubre del año pasado, que en México “el sistema de cuentas individuales de contribución definida introducido en los años 90 ha sido un éxito”, casi dos años después advierten que va al colapso.

El Financiero publicó declaraciones de Pablo Antolin Nicolás, economista de la Unidad de Pensiones Privadas del organismo, en las que señala que se deben elevar las contribuciones, aumentar el salario, promover el ahorro voluntario, mejorar programas de asistencia a la vejez y homogeneizar el sistema de pensiones. Ya que de no ser así “habrá una especie de desilusión completa sobre el sistema, que lo llevará al colapso”.

Y hay que recordar que en el estudio de la OCDE sobre los sistemas de pensiones de 2015, se asegura que “el principal problema que enfrenta el sistema de pensiones proviene, no del sistema de cuentas individuales de contribución definida en sí mismo, si no del proceso transitorio establecido para pasar del sistema antiguo de reparto y beneficio definido al nuevo sistema”.

Ya que la OCDE no ha dejado de criticar las jubilaciones de la transición, de quienes empezaron a trabajar antes de 1997, en el caso del IMSS, y de 2007, en el ISSSTE.

Y los primeros pasos para atajar a la generación de transición ya se dieron, explica Odilia Ulloa, especialista en temas de seguridad social y pensiones, al recordar que la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación resolvió en dos ocasiones que las pensiones fueran de 10 salarios mínimos y no de 25 como se estableció en el transitorio de la ley de 1997, del IMSS.

Además Gustavo Leal, investigador de la UAM, recuerda que en distintos foros se ha planteado la posibilidad de una pensión universal, que podría ser aprobada por la próxima Legislatura, ya que ahora estamos en año electoral y de esa forma te quitas ese gasto del presupuesto.

Es por ello que el investigador considera indispensable que los partidos políticos den a conocer su propuesta sobre este tema ya que sólo quedan cinco años para que se puedan jubilar los primeros cotizantes de las Afores.

La asesora en temas de pensiones y de salud en el Senado, Odilia Ulloa, recuerda que cuando se hicieron los cambios en las pensiones, el gobierno mexicano dijo que con el nuevo sistema de cuentas individuales mejorarían las jubilaciones y se eliminarían las desigualdades, y 20 años después sabemos que sucederá exactamente lo contrario.

Y da un dato que espanta a cualquiera: el 70 por ciento de quienes hayan cotizado a las Afores no va a tener alguna pensión, ya que con las condiciones laborales actuales, es casi imposible que una persona pague al IMSS o al ISSSTE por 25 años, por lo que simplemente retirarán lo que hayan ahorrado.

Y a este respecto Miguel Alonso Raya, quien ha sido diputado y ha participado en las comisiones de seguridad social, explica que hay 58 millones de cuentas abiertas y que actualmente sólo cotizan 20 millones y medio, 19 millones 46 mil en el IMSS y millón y medio en el ISSSTE.

Es decir, casi 38 millones de trabajadores que han abierto sus cuentas en este momento no tienen un empleo donde estén cotizando y por lo tanto será casi imposible que cumplan las 1,250 semanas y estarán condenados a une vejez en la miseria y la mendicidad.

Twitter: @ginamorettc

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