En el marco del Día del No uso de plaguicidas resulta interesante resaltar la opción más viable y sustentable existente para el control y erradicación de plagas.

El control biológico de plagas es una tecnología que aprovecha a los enemigos naturales de las plagas con la idea de reducir las poblaciones sin afectar las producciones agrícolas.

En agricultura su implementación es muy significativa, pues al ser una tecnología cien por ciento natural no impacta negativamente al medio ambiente y protege la salud pública; caso contrario con los insecticidas que no terminan en su totalidad con las plagas, pero, colateralmente, matan a los organismos benéficos de los cultivos que se encuentran en la tierra e infectan al producto.

Existen cuatro métodos aplicables al control biológico: inoculación, consiste en introducir al cultivo insectos y ácaros útiles, beneficiosos, enemigos naturales, en números muy reducidos, con el fin de que al paso del tiempo se reproduzcan con el fin de controlar [la plaga] a corto plazo y erradicar a largo plazo.

Método clásico, consiste en introducir un agente control para la erradicación del organismo a largo plazo. Así, se libera el parasitoide y predador con la intención de controlar a los insectos y microorganismos.

Método de inundación, consiste igualmente en la utilización de organismos vivos para controlar plagas. Sin embargo, este método aborda la inserción de un gran número de organismos y crías.

Método de conservación, es más extenso y poco práctico para soluciones rápidas y eficaces. Sin embargo, es un método seguro, que puede ser aplicado previo a la preparación del cultivo.

En este tema México cuenta con el Centro Nacional de Referencia de Control Biológico (CNRCB), que tiene la misión de desarrollar y establecer estrategias de control biológico para plagas reglamentadas.

Dicho centro genera y proporciona tecnología alternativa al uso de plaguicidas químicos y coadyuva con programas y campañas fitosanitarias en las que se promueve el uso de organismos benéficos para fortalecer la sanidad de los cultivos vegetales en nuestro país y contribuir al incremento tanto de la productividad como de la calidad agrícola.

Gracias al control biológico de plagas se han atendido más de 13 mil hectáreas con microorganismos entomopatógenos, lo que evitó el uso de 272 toneladas de insecticida.

Fuente: SADER

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